The development and renewal of money and transactions
In this article, we examine the history of the development of money and the importance and expansion of economic transactions, as well as two of the many currencies used in the European Union, the official currency of the EU, the euro, and the money of Hungary, the Hungarian forint. Money as an essential condition for material well-being. Money is the driving force of mankind. Money ensnares, keeps in motion, operates our world. Wherever we look, whatever we want to do, directly or indirectly, we will come into contact with money. The development of money, the market and banks is a series of events taking place in parallel.
- Citation: Arany, L., Csipkés, M., Popovics, P. (2023). The development and renewal of money and transactions. Network Intelligence Studies, Year (volume) XI, Issue (21), 7-13.
- Published on: 23 April 2023
- Keywords: money; digital money; economic transactions; currency;
- Pages: 7-13
- Received: 10 March 2023
- Final revision and acceptance: 22 April 2023
Bukovina during the Great Depression (1929-1933)
The state's role in the prevention and control of unemployment rate and the various problems reported by local communities and administrations was, during the Great Depression, quite active, through the establishment of some special commissions for helping the persons who did not have the possibility to find a place to work, and the possibilities to help them financially and materially. The aim of this study is to research, especially in archival documents, the main issues related to labor market and different problems, as they were reported in Bucovina during this period, and also the manner in which the authorities tried to solve these problems. The results highlights the severe economical situation of the commune's inhabitants, fact owed both to the natural and human causes, such as natural hazards, the reduction of commodity markets for industrial and manufactured products through the restriction of imports and exportation, restrictive legal measures in the exploitation of different resources, like the forestry ones, etc.
- Citation: Popescu-Cruceanu A. (2023). Bukovina during the Great Depression (1929-1933). Network Intelligence Studies, Year (volume) XI, Issue (21), 15-27.
- Published on: 29 May 2023
- Keywords: social movements; labor market; restrictive legal measures; prevention measures;
- Pages: 15-27
- Received: 22 April 2023
- Final revision and acceptance: 28 May 2023
The domino effect of the war in Ukraine: the way global food industry has been affected by the armed conflict
The war in Ukraine has not only impacted the lives of millions of people, but also has sent shockwaves through the global food industry. Ukraine, a key player in the global food market, has seen its agricultural sector severely disrupted by the conflict. The repercussions of this deregulation have been felt worldwide, leading to increased price uncertainty, food shortages and concerns about long-term food security. In this article, we analyze what kind of impact the armed conflict in Ukraine had and continues to have on the food industry, and approach potential solutions to mitigate these effects. Ukraine is the world's largest exporter of sunflower oil. At the same time, Russia ranks first in the world in wheat exports, with Ukraine being the fifth largest wheat exporter and fourth largest corn exporter in the world. The two countries involved in the military conflict are two of the biggest players in the energy, food and fertiliser markets. Russia is also the world's largest exporter of wheat and the world's second largest exporter of sunflower oil. Russia is also the world's largest exporter of fertilisers in general, ranking second in the world in exports of nitrogen fertilisers and third in exports of potash fertilisers.
- Citation: Hellvig R.C., Blanaru, C.A. (2023). The domino effect of the war in Ukraine: the way global food industry has been affected by the armed conflict. Network Intelligence Studies, Year (volume) XI, Issue (21), 29-32.
- Published on: 29 May 2023
- Keywords: food industry; war; export;
- Pages: 29-32
- Received: 24 April 2023
- Final revision and acceptance: 28 May 2023
Corporate social responsibility in the context of sport in Azerbaijan
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an important concept in business practices, and its significance in sports has also increased. This article discusses the increasing importance, main drivers and challanges of CSR in the global sports industry and the role it plays in promoting sustainable development and social responsibility. Moreover, the article specifically focuses oil and gas companies, particularly those operating in Azerbaijan. Currently, SOCAR and BP are two main operators responsible for oil production in Azerbaijan and their CSR practices are examined in the context of sport.
- Citation: Mirzayev N. (2023). Corporate social responsibility in the context of sport in Azerbaijan. Network Intelligence Studies, Year (volume) XI, Issue (21), 33-39.
- Published on: 5 June 2023
- Keywords: corporate social responsibility; corporate social responsibility in sport; corporate social responsibility in Azerbaijan;
- Pages: 33-39
- Received: 29 April 2023
- Final revision and acceptance: 4 June 2023
Digital technology and its impact on the social change of the Saudi family
This study investigates the effects of digital technologies on family relationships and social norms and customs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A quantitative methodology with a descriptive design was used to determine the relationship between the independent variable (family relationships) and the dependent variables (family relationships and social norms and customs). There were 159 participants involved in this research survey, and their ages ranged from less than 25 years up to 45 years for both males and females. The research findings showed that digital technologies have no effect on family relationships in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and digital technologies have a significant effect on social norms and customs.
- Citation: Alsanea F. A. (2023). Digital technology and its impact on the social change of the Saudi family. Network Intelligence Studies, Year (volume) XI, Issue (21), 41-49.
- Published on: 5 June 2023
- Keywords: family relationships; digital technologies; Saudi Arabia;
- Pages: 41-49
- Received: 29 April 2023
- Final revision and acceptance: 4 June 2023
Depression and Entry into Nursing Homes among the Elderly: Understanding the Relationship and Implications for Medical Professionals
This article provides medical professionals data regarding the relationship between depression and entry into nursing homes among the elderly population. It explores the prevalence of depression among elderly adults, examines the factors influencing nursing home admission, discusses the existing research between depression and entry into nursing homes, and outlines the implication for clinical practice.
- Citation: Khalaily J. (2023). Depression and Entry into Nursing Homes among the Elderly: Understanding the Relationship and Implications for Medical Professionals. Network Intelligence Studies, Year (volume) XI, Issue (21), 51-59.
- Published on: 26 June 2023
- Keywords: depression; nursing home; relationship between depression and entry into nursing homes among the elderly population;
- Pages: 51-59
- Received: 30 April 2023
- Final revision and acceptance: 25 June 2023
Strategic Marketing Plan for APPLE Inc.
This study aims to explore the inner workings of Apple Inc. to gain a deeper understanding of the company's success and to identify opportunities for further growth and improvement. Through an analysis of market trends, consumer behaviour, and Apple Inc.'s current marketing strategies, this research will develop a comprehensive marketing plan that addresses key areas of growth and improvement. Furthermore, the effectiveness of this research will be evaluated using various marketing research tools (SWOT matrix, TOWS matrix, IFE matrix, EFE matrix, IE matrix, PESTEL analysis, Porter Five Forces Model and CPM matrix). This study will provide new information and strategies for new organizations trying to enter the industry and want to be successful. It will also contribute to the existing body of knowledge in the field of marketing, specifically as it pertains to companies operating in the technology industry. Additionally, the research will also serve as a useful reference for businesses and organizations in similar industries, as well as for marketing professionals looking to gain a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the technology industry. It will also benefit academicians and researchers studying the field of marketing and technology.
- Citation: Khalid, M. A. & Vida, V. (2023). Strategic Marketing Plan for APPLE Inc. Network Intelligence Studies, Year (volume) XI, Issue (21), 61-74.
- Published on: 26 June 2023
- Keywords: SWOT and TOWS matrix; IFE and EFE matrix; PESTEL analysis; Porter Five Forces Model; CPM matrix;
- Pages: 61-74
- Received: 24 April 2023
- Final revision and acceptance: 25 June 2023
Smart workspaces and the sense of ownership – the impact of the work environment in the emergence of psychological ownership
The presence of psychological ownership in a work environment can result in enhanced commitment, increased motivation and a strong sense of loyalty towards the organization. The purpose of this paper is to identify if the smart workspaces, that promote the idea of “our” space, can lead to psychological ownership. Specifically, we investigated how the work environment influences three mechanisms through which psychological ownership emerges: the control over the ownership target, the level of knowledge gained over the target and the investment of the self into the target. We collected the data by conducting 20 in-depth interviews and the results highlight that most of the employees do not feel like they have their own place mainly due to the lack of privacy and the impossibility to personalize the workspace according to their needs. Regarding the three mechanisms studied, the results reveal that employees perceive a restricted level of control over the workspace. Nevertheless, they acknowledge that such an environment actually promotes knowledge sharing and communication among team members. This study also provides recommendations for companies on how to improve employee satisfaction and to foster the psychological ownership.
- Citation: Pascal, M. (2023). Smart workspaces and the sense of ownership – the impact of the work environment in the emergence of psychological ownership. Network Intelligence Studies, Year (volume) XI, Issue (21), 75-84.
- Published on: 30 June 2023
- Keywords: psychological ownership; smart workspaces; control over workspace; employee satisfaction;
- Pages: 75-84
- Received: 11 May 2023
- Final revision and acceptance: 29 June 2023
Parental perceptions of toys and games marketing
Games and toys play a significant role in children's consumer socialization, shaping their understanding of societal norms through play. Advertisements by businesses often convey specific values to promote and sell these items. Parents, as key influencers, impact their children's behaviour by making purchasing decisions and monitoring advertising's influence. This research investigates parents' perceptions of toy and game marketing through in-depth interviews with 20 participants. Findings revealed that parents recognize the importance of games and toys in their children's development and evaluate products based on their values and children's desires. However, the study also identifies parents' limited media literacy skills and susceptibility to promotional tactics. The impact of values promoted by toy businesses on children raises ethical concerns and calls for marketing regulations. Understanding these dynamics is critical for safeguarding children's well-being and balanced development in the consumer world.
- Citation: Cojan, C. (2023). Parental perceptions of toys and games marketing. Network Intelligence Studies, Year (volume) XI, Issue (22), 95-102.
- Published on: 6 September 2023
- Keywords: psychological ownership; smart workspaces; control over workspace; employee satisfaction;
- Pages: 95-102
- Received: 1 August 2023
- Final revision and acceptance: 5 September 2023
Efficiency of nursing-homes in Israel: A comparison between private, non-profit and governmental nursing-homes
This article explores the satisfaction of elderlies from their nursing home (NH), while examining how the type of the NH (private, governmental, or associational) and the funding of an elderly (private or public) affects the efficiency of NHs and consequently its impact on elderlies' satisfaction from their NHs. The research confirms that governmental nursing homes are less efficient, and consequently elderlies feel less satisfied from their care than private and associational ones. Another explanation for the high satisfaction from the private and associational nursing homes is that elderlies in an NH prefer to receive large rooms, good quality food, and quick response from the nursing home staff. These services are less available in governmental nursing homes, where the ratio of elderlies to one staff is higher than in non-profit and private NHs. The rate of satisfaction regarding the associational nursing homes are found in the middle between the other two. These associational nursing homes scored higher on satisfaction than the governmental, but less than the private ones.
- Citation: Khalaily J. (2023). Efficiency of nursing-homes in Israel: A comparison between private, non-profit and governmental nursing-homes. Network Intelligence Studies, Year (volume) XI, Issue (22), 103-118.
- Published on: 30 September 2023
- Keywords: nursing homes; satisfaction; types of nursing homes; funding for nursing homes; management of nursing homes in Israel; Covid-19;
- Pages: 103-118
- Received: 30 August 2023
- Final revision and acceptance: 25 September 2023
An economic approach of assessing the performance of ANN – based models in predicting energy comsumption: a study case on Romania
The increasing demand for energy is part of the challenges facing the transformation of the energy sector today. The transition to new ecologically sustainable energy sources is a priority of the European Union and therefore of Romania, a member state with diverse energy sources. A prediction of energy demand and possible peaks would be very useful in the future energy landscape, both for domestic and industrial consumers. In this paper, we compare the use of two artificial neural network architectures for building predictive models, namely the Long-Short Term Memory architecture and the Gated Recurrent Unit one. The analysis includes the comparison between the best performing models in terms of the optimization algorithm and the weight distribution method used. The purpose of this work is to assess their performance in predicting the national energy consumption of Romania by using publicly available data for training and testing the models.
- Citation: : Bălăcian D., Melian D. M., Stancu S. (2023). An economic approach of assessing the performance of ANN – based models in predicting energy comsumption: a study case on Romania. Network Intelligence Studies, Year (volume) XI, Issue (22), 119-135.
- Published on: 23 October 2023
- Keywords: Artificial Neural Networks (ANN); energy consumption; prediction; Romania;
- Pages: 119-135
- Received: 28 September 2023
- Final revision and acceptance: 22 October 2023
Panel estimating exports and imports of the automotive industry on economic growth: evidence of Austria, Hungary, and Romania
The emerging automotive sector in Europe is again a concern after the COVID-19 pandemic storm. The automotive industry is essential to increasing revenue for a country and influencing an open economy. Even so, there are several manufacturers whose supply and demand for raw materials, costs, and employees are critical to the business activities of this sector. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of exports and imports in the automotive industry on economic growth. The technical analysis used in this study is multiple regression to see the effect of the independent variables, exports, and imports, has on GDP as the dependent variable using panel data for 2017-2021. The data used is secondary, with the research object being Austria, Hungary, and Romania, countries in emerging markets in the European automotive sector. Findings regarding of the multiple-regression model, f-test and t-test show that the Austrian, Hungarian, and Romanian automotive industries significantly influence overall GDP, even though there are demands in the era of energy sustainability which is a significant concern for the government in creating an energy-efficient automotive industry.
- Citation: Nagy A. S., Arie F. V. (2023). Panel estimating exports and imports of the automotive industry on economic growth: evidence of Austria, Hungary, and Romania. Network Intelligence Studies, Year (volume) XI, Issue (22), 137-146.
- Published on: 2 November 2023
- Keywords: export; import; GDP; automotive sector;
- Pages: 137-146
- Received: 11 July 2023
- Final revision and acceptance:1 November 2023
Generations, ideology and intersectionality in “Floarea de foc” [“Flower of Fire”] magazine
The present work aims to explore the potential of the generational operator to reform the history of the written press in interwar Romania, taking as a starting point the magazine Floarea de foc [Flower of Fire], published under the direction of the director Sandu Tudor, with great interruptions, in the period 1932-1936. More precisely, we will analyze how Sandu Tudor and the collaborators of his publication, prominent members of the young interwar generation, use this as a biographical and methodological notion. Our goal is to answer the following questions: How important was the dynamic of generations in the cultural and ideological space for Sandu Tudor and what kind of narrative did this dynamic generate in his magazine Floarea de foc [Flower of Fire]? How did Sandu Tudor and the collaborators of his magazine relate to their own generation of critics, poets and prose writers? What is the place and role of the generation as a critical narrative tool in the texts published in Floarea de foc [Flower of Fire], compared to other Romanian literary publications? And in general, what alternative scenarios of the history of the written press in interwar Romania could be discovered through a correlation of the intrinsic data collected, mainly, from the discourse analysis of the articles in the interwar press (on a semantic, syntactic, narrative level), with the information extrinsic (ideology, sociogram, social fields) provided, for the most part, from the investigation of the documents drawn up by the Security Service, found today in the files of the CNSAS Archive?
- Citation: Ciornea C. (2023). Generations, ideology and intersectionality in “Floarea de foc” [“Flower of Fire”] magazine. Network Intelligence Studies, Year (volume) XI, Issue (22), 147-157.
- Published on: 10 November 2023
- Keywords: ideologizing identities; the interwar young generation; the "Floarea de foc" [“Flower of fire”] magazine; Sandu Tudor; the interwar press;
- Pages: 137-146
- Received: 06 October 2023
- Final revision and acceptance:08 November 2023
